MongoDB is a widely used NoSQL document-oriented database designed for flexibility, scalability, and ease of development. It stores data in JSON-like BSON format, enabling dynamic schemas and hierarchical data structures ideal for rapidly evolving applications. In agricultural contexts, MongoDB is commonly used in IoT platforms to manage unstructured sensor data, user profiles, spatial field data, and system logs. It supports replication, sharding, and powerful aggregation pipelines, and integrates easily with frameworks like Node-RED, Express, and Grafana for building full-stack digital farming tools.